ABSTRACT
Background@#Honey has been used in medicine since ancient times. Limited reports are available to indicate its antibacterial, antiviral, and antidiarrheal properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of honey on acute diarrhea in children. @*Methods@#This randomized clinical trial included 80 children with acute diarrhea. Forty children received honey and zinc gluconate (trial group) and 40 received only zinc gluconate (control group). After treatment, vomiting/diarrhea duration, the recovery time, and the duration of hospitalization were compared between the groups. @*Results@#Among the 40 children in the trial group, 19 were male and 21 were female. In the control group, 25 children were male and 15 female (P=0.26). After initiating treatment, the duration of diarrhea, recovery time, and the duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the trial group than in the control group (P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#This study showed that honey with zinc gluconate reduces the duration of diarrhea, accelerates the recovery time, and shortens the duration of hospitalization.
ABSTRACT
The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] is a useful model for application at large epidemiologic studies. The aim of this study was to determine the HOMA cut off values to identify insulin resistance [IR] and metabolic syndrome [MS] in Qazvin, central Iran. Overall, 480 men and 502 women aged 20-72 yr attended in this cross sectional study from September 2010 to April 2011. The diagnostic criteria proposed by national cholesterol education program third adult treatment panel [ATPIII], International Diabetes Federation [IDF] and new Joint Interim Societies [JIS]; were applied to define MS. Lower limit of the top quintile of HOMA values in normal subjects was considered as the threshold of IR. The receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves of HOMA for MS diagnosis were depicted. The optimal cut point to determine MS was assessed by maximum Youden index and the shortest distance from the point [0, 1] on the ROC curve. The threshold of HOMA for IR was 2.48. Fifty one percent of the subjects were insulin resistant. The cut point for diagnosis of JIS, IDF, ATP III and Persian IDF defined MS was 2.92, 2.91, 2.49 and 3.21, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ATP III defined MS to diagnose IR was 33.95% and 84.78%, of IDF defined MS was 39.13%, 81.29% and of JIS defined MS was 43.77% and 78.11% and of Persian IDF defined MS was 27.32% and 88.76%, in that order. The high prevalence of IR in the present study warns about the future burden of type 2 diabetes. Only the ATP III criteria introduced more specific cut point for putative manifestations of IR
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The role of zinc in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea is controversial. This study was conducted to compare serum zinc levels in children with acute diarrhoea to those found in healthy children
Methods: This case-control study was carried out at the Qazvin Children's Hospital in Qazvin, Iran, between July 2012 and January 2013. A total of 60 children with acute diarrhoea [12 children with bloody diarrhoea and 48 children with watery diarrhoea] and 60 healthy children were included. Zinc levels for all subjects were measured using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and data were analysed and compared between groups
Results: Mean serum zinc levels in the patients with acute bloody diarrhoea, acute watery diarrhoea and the control group were 74.1 +/- 23.7 microg/dL, 169.4 +/- 62.7 microg/dL and 190.1 +/- 18.0 microg/dL, respectively [P = 0.01]. Hypozincaemia was observed in 50.0% of children with acute bloody diarrhoea and 12.5% of those with acute watery diarrhoea. None of the patients in the control group had hypozincaemia [P = 0.01]
Conclusion: Children with acute bloody diarrhoea had significantly reduced serum zinc levels in comparison to healthy children. However, a study with a larger sample size is needed to examine the significance of this trend
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea , Acute Disease , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the predictive value of clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children with their first febrile urinary tract infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-three children with their first febrile urinary tract infection were divided into two groups according to the results of voiding cystourethrography: 60 children with vesicoureteral reflux and 93 children without. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, likelihood ratio (positive and negative), and accuracy of the clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux were determined. RESULTS: Of the 153 children with febrile urinary tract infection, 60 patients (39.2%) had vesicoureteral reflux. There were significant differences between the two groups regarding fever>38degrees C, suprapubic pain, C-reactive protein quantitative level, number of red blood cells in the urine, and results of renal ultrasound and dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scanning (p38.2degrees C and dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scanning and vesicoureteral reflux. Also, there were significant positive correlations between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive urinary nitrite test, hyaline cast, and renal ultrasound and high-grade vesicoureteral reflux. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed fever>38.2degrees C and dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scanning as the best predictive markers for vesicoureteral reflux in children with their first febrile urinary tract infection. In addition, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive urinary nitrite test, hyaline cast, and renal ultrasound are the best predictive markers for high-grade vesicoureteral reflux.